jazykovy
kurz (2011 - Dva tisíce a jedenáct ) Czech Homework - Beginner's course course-book template to fill in chapters 1-6, available as free PDF) vocabulary sheets for free download Vocabulary sheet Beginner 2Vocabulary Beginner 1(homework)using the zebras54 beginners page template for Czech homework. language-beginners245 Photos labelled in English, French, German, Irish, Spanish and CzechResources: ![]() >
TTS Voice reading
software and translation dictionary provided by IM Translator) speed settings " - -" for Englishcourse material online resource: http://www.omniglot.com/writing/czech.htm http://www.locallingo.com/czech/grammar
travel dictionary![]() bi-lingual Books and magazines in Czech TV Magazin The Little Prince by Antoine de Saint-Exupery (English and Czech) Franz Kafka - Aphorismy (German and Czech) The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Czech and other languages) Občan Vaněk/Citizen Vanek (Václav Havel/Překlad Jan Novák) ![]() GRAMMAR BASICS
![]() Alphabet: special characters ú í á é ý ů ě š ř č ž
pronunciation: Czech pronunciation
always follows the same rules tonic accents on vowels / hačik on s, c, z, r vowels: /a/ - a /a:/ á /è/
- /*/ (neutral sound between consonants or ex: vš -> /v*š/, or consonant on its own "k" /k*/ also when there is an apostrophe ' /ö/
/é/: e /é:/ é /ie/ ě /i/, i /i:/ í, ý /o/
o /oy/
oi, oj /ay/ ai, aj, /u/ u /u:/ ú /ou/
ou /ow/
au
consonants /b/ b /ж/
ch /d/ d /f/
f, ph /g/
/k/
k /kv/ kv /l/ l /em/
m+ other consonant /en/ n + other consonant /p/
p /r/
r /rž/ ř /ž/ ž /s/
s, c /z/
z /š/ š /t/
t /č/ č /y/ j /pause/
- h as a
consonant on its own
(not preceded by c or p - h makes a vowel sound longer. /v/ v
Pronoun a pronoun is a word that can take the place of a noun. "Thing"
and
"person" and "location" are not exactly
pronouns because they need an article you can use them to replace a
noun if you can't remember its name.
Article an article is a small word that tells you how many units of noun there are, and what gender the noun is. Numbers and portions can be used as articles.The Czech language does not use the equivalent of the article "the".
demonstrative articles Plural (more than one person/animal/object) masculine: "ti/ty" - the, those,
"tito/tyto" -
these The genitive case is used with many expressions of quantity, after any numbers greater than 5, ordinal numbers, and the adjectives neco - (something), and nic - nothing.
A noun A noun is a word to name a person, a place or thing.
Common nouns are the names for things we can see and touch. Abstract nouns are the names for things we cannot see and touch. Proper
nouns are the special names, used for a person, a place
or a thing. A proper noun starts with a capital letter. The Czech noun can be animate (humans and animals) or inanimate. There are three genders: masculine, feminine, neuter. Czech nouns change according to their function in the sentence this is called declension (declension table is on homework page chapter 4) There are 7 declension cases. The Genitive *Masculine hard
animate endings are 'a' and 'e' for singular and 'u' with a small circle
on top for plural. Masculine inanimate endings are 'u' and 'e' for
singular and 'ů' *Feminine words will have one 'y' or 'e' added to the endings of singular words. A couple of exceptions require adding the letter 'ě' or the letter 'i' for singular. To form plurals is more complicated. Many feminine words simply drop the letter 'a' from the ending - uziverzita becomes simply univerzit. A few words will use the ''ě' r 'i' or í' endings. *Neuter words end with 'a', 'e' or 'long i' for singular. In the plural forms the final letter is dropped so auto becomes aut. Of for some words the 'e' or 'í' are used. In the end, students need to complete a lot of memorization to recognize word gender and the appropriate declensions. Declension
The noun cases are typically referred to by number, and learned by means of the question to which they are the answer. When learning a new word, children recite the cases using a set of example phrases, shown as follows:
complex nouns
Adjectives an adjective is a word that describes a noun or a pronoun. It can also describe who the noun or the pronoun belongs to or how many there are. The adjective adjusts itself to the gender, declension and number of noun. Czech adjectives are divided into two groups: 1) Adjectives
with a hard ending in
the nominative singular 2) Adjectives with a soft
ending in
the nominative singular All Czech adjectives end with a long vowel.
Verb A
verb is a word that is used to tell what a person or thing does or to describe the noun.
Verbs change according to who is involved. Verbs change according to
when they take place. To be TO BE on its
own provides no action to a sentence: the subject complement
re-identifies the subject; the adjective complement modifies it. This
is a NOUN. //
NOUN + IS + adjective
THERE
IS + SINGULAR NOUN - Tam je
Actions (only animate nouns require action verbs)
verbs:
existenceto be possession to have movement to go to go in to go out the five senses to see, vidět to say, řekni to hear, slyšet to feel, dojmout to smell. čichat emotions, symptoms to feel. cıtit clothing: to wear, nosit to put on, to take off transport to carry, nést activities to do/to make - dělat communication: to ask ptat se + genitive to ask - zeptat se + genitive in the Czech language, to do and to make are translated into one word --> dělat.
There is only one form of present in the Czech language.
Adverb An adverb is a word that describes a verb. Usually it describes how, where, when or how often it happens. The spelling of the adverb never changes Preposition A
preposition is a word that links one noun or a pronoun to another
one. Prepositions often describe where someone or something is, or
where it is moving towards, or where it is moving towards. The genitive case also indicates where someone or something has originated or come from expressing location: inside and
outside various
prepositions that can be used with a location noun: u - at, by, or near something - this is commonly used
in restaurant names such as U Kalicha or 'At the Chalice' restaurant in
Prague. on +
location, na na - on (location)
locative into, - do (genitive) bez + genitive (without) blizko + genitive - (near to something) do + genitive (meaning 2 - until) z or ze- (from, of or off.) Or a particle that you can find after a verb that changes its meaning. hanging from something -> připojen ke + N (dative)k / ke - to, towards Conjunction A conjunction is a word to join two parts of sentences or two words together. Conjunctions are used when you want to make lists, or comparisons, or explain things with two sentences - a (and) . Expressions and proverbs An expression is a group of words that never changes. A proverb is a sentence that never changes. A quote is a group of words that someone has used before and you need put them into "...." . An interjection is a single word expression and it doesn't need a full sentence. ukazovat pas a letenku ,pozor! , mít šťastnou cestu! - mi
pošlete email , nebezpečí!
svobodu cestování, krátkou vzdálenost cardinal numbers
zadny -
nothing
ordinal numbers http://www.charter08.eu/3.html dienstbier.cz Oficiální stránky
narozen 20. dubna 1937 v Kladně zemřel v sobotu 8. ledna 2011
| Ecards – pohlednice,
plakáty, tapety, obrázky, fotky
Expressions
Ahoj, : hello my name is: what is your name? Odkut prichazis - Where are you from How old are you? ano - yes ne - no nerozumim - I don't understand I love you chtela bych neco.. : I would like.... prominte: Excuse me pardon - sorry kdo? - who? what is happening? What? kdy? When? Where? kde jak? How? How much does it cost kolik? How many? a cup of coffee dobre - OK prosim - please dekuji - thank you bye bye: na shledanou
hodina 2 the weather (adjectives) - bouřlivé počasí ,deštivého počasí , slunečné počasí s mraky , slunečné zatažené obloze , zasněžený world (nouns) Severní Amerika, Jižní Amerika Tichý oceán, Atlantický oceán, Evropa, Afrika, Asie Indický oceán, Australie Antarctika Bydlím v Severní Irsku. Bydlím ve východní části města. I live in Northern Ireland. I live in the Eastern part of town Panda žije v Asii The panda lives in Asia pozdravy z Prahy greetings from Prague - N - Sever, W -Západ- S - Jih W - Východ ![]() The months of the year (noun) (mesic) (nominative form), leden únor březen duben květen červen červenec srpen září říjen listopad prosinec Months of the year in genitive form: ledna, února, březena, dubna, května, červena, červeneca, srpna, září, října, listopada, prosince The days of the week (noun) Pondělí, Úterý, Středa, Čvrtek, Pátek, Sobota, Neděle the date, Úterý, 5. října, 2010. - (Week-)day, date month (in genitive form) year. The seasons (nouns) (rocni obdoni) jaro, léto, podzim, zima Special occasions (expressions) narozeniny. Všechno nejlepší k narozeninám! Nový rok, Velikonoce, Vánoce Veselé. Silvestr ![]() Shapes and colours - shapes (nouns) kružnice, valek, krychle, čtverec , trojúhelník, kužel, polygon, kříž, vlasek, srpec, obdelnik, half-circle, hvesda, obdelnik colours (adjectives) oranžová, žlutá, modrá, červená, zelená, tmavě-modrá, fialová, růžová, šedá, hnědá, černá, bílá, matná / světlé světle / tmavě hodina 3 zvíre gender: three genders in Czech: masculine (m), feminine (f), neutral (n) no articles in front of the noun images Czech lidský/zvírecký - rychlý/pomalý - velký/malý, malý/velký, krabatý/hladký, kudrnatý/hladké vlasy, velký/úzký hustý/štihlý, špinavý/čisty domácký/divoký , starý/mladý, muž/samice medvěd, ![]() hodina 4 - dům a rodina dům, m nouns depicting objects are: "inanimate"
auto
n image image rodina, nouns depicting people are "animate"
přitel/m hodina 5 - landscapes image ryba, jezero,
n images exercise ![]() hodina 6 - body and fashion
image clothes klobouk,
m tělo
n hodina 7
-pribory
a stroj
pracovníka používá stroj.
útulka, Žena pracuje jako zdravotní sestra. Uměleca dělá obrázek. Žák dělá domácí úkol. to work - a worker, k práci - pracovník to teach - a teacher, učit - učitel to study -> a student. ke studiu -> student to think --> a thinker. přemýšlet -> myslitel to play --> a player, hrát -> hráč to hunt --> a hunter. lovu -> lovec to dance --> a dancer, k tanci -> tanečník to drive --> a driver. řídit -> řidič to read --> a reader. číst -> čtenář to research --> researcher pro výzkum -> výzkumník to translate --> a translator. přeložit -> překladatel To clean --> a cleaner. Čistit -> čistší. to manage --> a manager. spravovat -> správce to employ --> an employer. zaměstnávat -> zaměstnavatel to be employed --> an employee. být zaměstnán -> zaměstnance To work in an office --> an office worker. Pro práci v kanceláři -> administrativní pracovník. to be unemployed --> an unemployed person, je nezaměstnaný -> nezaměstnané osoby. to work freelance --> a freelance worker, pracovat na volné noze -> volné noze pracovníka. to paint --> a painter, - malovat -> malíř to make art --> an artist. dělat umění -> umělec to sing --> a singer. zpívat -> zpěvák irr to buy --> a buyer. koupit -> kupujícím irr to sell -->a seller. prodat -> prodejce hodina 8 - pracovníka, cesty
vlak, cestovat to travel (on foot, by train, by plane, by car, on horseback, by boat) počkat to wait zůstat přes noc - to stay overnight dojíždět mezi to commute between A and Z expressions: ukazovat pas a letenku ,pozor! , mít šťastnou cestu! - mi pošlete email - send me an email, nebezpečí! svobodu cestování, krátkou vzdálenost long distance, translate the possessive articles: my, your, his, her, its, our, their into Czech (only nominative form). What happens? write down the basic rules of the genitive form in Czech. ![]() hodina 9: ve městě
města, dětské hřiště, n stadion, m chrám, m kostel, socha, kásna f hotel m samoobsluha f policejní stanice f, stavby, hospoda f restaurace, f pole n zahrada, f lavičky, továrna květinové-postele, turistické kancelář f,
koncertní
síň f tržnice
f přístav m divadlo,
n kino, n předměstí, bytový dům, m trafika kempink m reklama, konference lokality schody n výtah m s, adjektivum: občanská, obecní, městské, obchodní, opuštěná lidé: (people) knihkupec, prodavač,, duchovní, optik, policista, hasič, listonoš, zámečník, prodavač, opravář, atlet, květinářství, právník, život-stráž. architekt, tesař, okno-čištění, taxikář, asistent, porter, číšník, instalatér , zedník, elektrikář, pokrývač, zahradník, bezdomovce, hudebník, pěší, svářeč, ocel pracovník, mistr, vrátný, kameraman, knihovník, holič , pokladna, banka-pokladník, lékárna, zdravotní sestra, lékař, zubní lékař, pacient, kuchař, obsluha, úředník, fotograf, editor, písař, rybář, coastgard. přístavní dělník , kapitán, voják, zeměměřič, soudce, pilot, posádka, tým, dům-dělník, řemeslník, návrhář. webmaster. grammar: 1) find out how the possessive/genitive works for shop names. 2) find out about orthography rules. 3) find a street-map in Czech.
hodina 10 protavin
polévka
f ![]() hodina 11 - leisure
tvorba
noviny
fpl ![]() hodina 12 - pokoj
m
postel
f 25. dvacátý pátý | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||


<- I have now this dictionary












hodina 8

